Scientists from the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) and clinicians from the Regional Cancer Centre (RCC) in Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) have discovered a potentially cost-effective and non-invasive method to detect various kinds of breast cancer using just a drop of blood. This breakthrough offers significant promise for improving early breast cancer diagnosis, particularly in developing countries.
MicroRNA Signatures as Biomarkers
The research team analyzed microRNA (miRNA) signatures in hundreds of human cancer samples, identifying 439 miRNAs associated with invasive breast cancer. Out of these, 107 miRNAs qualified as potential biomarkers for stratifying different types, grades, and stages of invasive ductal carcinoma, according to CSIR-CCMB Chief Scientist Lekha Dinesh Kumar, who led the research.
Role of miRNAs in Cancer Detection
miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNA molecules consisting of 23-25 bases, regulate most cellular processes in the body. Identifying miRNAs involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer holds great promise for developing molecular tools for early diagnosis and prognosis. Dr. Lekha explained that cancer cells shed DNA/RNA into the bloodstream, referred to as ‘Circulating Nucleic Acids’ (CNAs), which include tumor-specific genetic changes. These CNAs are detectable in plasma or other body fluids, allowing for the identification of early cancer stages.
Liquid Biopsy System
The identified biomarkers could be developed into a liquid biopsy system, providing a non-invasive and affordable method for early breast cancer detection. This system could be particularly beneficial in developing countries, where breast cancer is often detected late due to the reluctance of many women to undergo physical examinations. “Our study has paved the way for the application of miRNAs as biomarkers and would open up new vistas in developing a refined, cost-effective, and non-invasive method in breast cancer diagnosis,” stated Dr. Lekha.
Benefits of Early Detection
Early detection of breast cancer using miRNAs could significantly strengthen healthcare systems by providing affordable, quick, and robust diagnostic protocols. This is crucial for addressing the hidden epidemic of breast cancer in third-world countries, where early diagnosis can drastically reduce the economic burden on families and society. The discovery of biomarkers is essential for the early detection, classification, and monitoring of cancer, holding the key to reducing the mortality rate and improving treatment outcomes.
International Recognition
The significance of this research is underscored by the granting of nine international patents for these biomarkers. The results of the study were recently published in the prestigious journal “Cell Communication and Signalling (CCS)”. The publication can be accessed via this link.
