Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD), also known as pelvic girdle pain, is a common condition that affects many pregnant women. It occurs when the ligaments that normally keep the pelvic bones aligned become relaxed and stretchy, leading to instability and pain in the pelvic region. While SPD is most commonly associated with pregnancy, it can also occur in women who are not pregnant and in men. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for SPD, as well as when it typically starts and how it can be managed.
Understanding Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction:
The symphysis pubis is a joint located at the front of the pelvis, where the two halves of the pelvic bone meet. It is held together by a network of ligaments and cartilage, which provide stability and support to the pelvic girdle. During pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly the increased production of relaxin, can cause these ligaments to become more lax and stretchy, leading to pelvic instability and pain.
Symphysis pubis dysfunction can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, and it can significantly impact a woman’s ability to perform daily activities. Common symptoms of SPD include:
- Pain in the pubic area, groin, hips, lower back, and thighs
- Difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or turning over in bed
- Clicking or grinding sensation in the pelvis
- Pain during intercourse or when standing on one leg
- Difficulty standing up from a seated position
- Waddling gait
When Does Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction Start?
Symphysis pubis dysfunction typically starts during pregnancy, although it can occur at any stage. It is most common in the second and third trimesters when the baby’s weight puts additional pressure on the pelvic joints and ligaments. However, some women may experience symptoms earlier in pregnancy, especially if they have pre-existing pelvic issues or a history of SPD.
The exact timing of when SPD starts can vary from woman to woman and depends on various factors, including:
Hormonal Changes: The production of relaxin, a hormone that relaxes the ligaments in preparation for childbirth, increases during pregnancy. This hormone can cause the ligaments around the symphysis pubis to become more lax, leading to pelvic instability and pain.
Weight Gain: As the baby grows, the added weight can put pressure on the pelvic joints and exacerbate pelvic pain. Women who gain more weight during pregnancy may be at a higher risk of developing SPD.
Previous Pelvic Trauma: Women who have experienced pelvic trauma, such as a previous injury or surgery, may be more susceptible to developing SPD during pregnancy.
Posture and Body Mechanics: Poor posture and incorrect body mechanics, such as lifting heavy objects incorrectly or sitting for long periods in awkward positions, can contribute to pelvic pain and dysfunction.
Genetic Predisposition: Some women may have a genetic predisposition to developing SPD, making them more likely to experience pelvic pain during pregnancy.
Overall, it is essential for pregnant women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of SPD and to seek appropriate medical care if they experience pelvic pain or discomfort.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction:
If you suspect you have symphysis pubis dysfunction, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Your healthcare provider will conduct a thorough physical examination, review your medical history, and may order imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, to assess the severity of the condition.
Treatment for symphysis pubis dysfunction aims to alleviate pain, improve mobility, and enhance overall quality of life. Depending on the severity of your symptoms, treatment options may include:
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the pelvis and improve stability and mobility. Your physical therapist may also recommend manual therapy techniques, such as joint mobilization and soft tissue massage, to reduce pain and inflammation.
Supportive Devices: Using supportive devices, such as a pelvic support belt or maternity support garment, can help stabilize the pelvis and relieve pressure on the symphysis pubis joint. These devices are often recommended for pregnant women with SPD to provide additional support during daily activities.
Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may help alleviate mild to moderate pelvic pain. In some cases, your healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain medications or recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate pelvic pain, such as lifting heavy objects, standing for long periods, or engaging in high-impact exercises, can help prevent further irritation of the symphysis pubis joint. Instead, focus on low-impact activities, such as swimming or prenatal yoga, to maintain fitness and mobility.
Rest and Relaxation: Adequate rest and relaxation are essential for managing pelvic pain and promoting healing. Take frequent breaks throughout the day to rest and elevate your legs, and avoid activities that cause discomfort or strain on the pelvis.
Alternative Therapies: Some women find relief from symphysis pubis dysfunction through alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, or massage therapy. These therapies can help reduce muscle tension, improve joint alignment, and promote overall relaxation.
In severe cases of symphysis pubis dysfunction that do not respond to conservative treatment measures, surgical intervention may be considered. However, surgery is typically reserved for rare cases where other treatment options have failed to provide relief.
See Also: When to Expect Your First Period After Giving Birth?
A Quick Review:
Symphysis pubis dysfunction is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and impairment in pregnant women. While it typically starts during pregnancy, it can occur at any stage and may persist after childbirth if left untreated. By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for SPD, women can take proactive steps to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life. If you suspect you have symphysis pubis dysfunction, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan tailored to your individual needs. With proper care and management, most women with SPD can experience relief from pelvic pain and resume their normal activities during pregnancy and beyond.
